Pontifical with excerpts from Summa Theologica and Regula ad inveniendum principium lunae

Manuscript location
Place
Repository	Art Gallery of Ballarat
Collection
Shelf mark
Former shelf mark	Ms. Art Gallery of Ballarat, MS Crouch 5
Manuscript name
Name	Pontifical, with excerpts from the Summa theologica of St Thomas Aquinas and the Regula ad inveniendum principium lunae, added 1451
Contents
Summary	1. Pontificale. Fols. 1^r – 158^r. 2. Thomas Aquinas OP Summa Theologica. Fols. 158^v- 159^r. 3. Regula ad inveniendum principium lunae. Fols. 159^r – 162^r.
Physical description
Support	Vellum
Dimensions	276-280 x 200 mm.
Extent	i-ii (modern parchment) + 164 fols. (parchment), iii-iv (modern parchment) leaves. i^r-ii^v, 162^v, 163^r, 164^v, iii^r-iv^v are blank.
Collation	1², 2-16⁸, 17⁶, 18-20⁸, 21⁶, 22⁴, 23².
Catchwords	Catchwords agree.
Signatures	No quire signatures.
Foliation	Contemporary foliation in roman figures i-clxii (omitting cxxiiii and cxxv) from fol. 3-162, no pagination.
Condition	Worm-holes in fols. 1-2, 145-64, but no loss of text. Edges cut.
Layout	Black ink fading, ruled in brown ink and drypoint. One column of 18 long lines, or 6 groups of 4-line staves with black square musical notation; Text: 159 x 118 mm.
Scribes	Three scribes: (I) 1^r-2^v. (II) 3^r-158^r. (III) 158^v-162^r. The text copied by the third scribe is dated 1451.
Scripts	I) 1^r-2^v. Littera gothica textualis formata, fifteenth-century. (II) 3^r-158^r. Littera gothica textualis, second half of fourteenth-century. (III) 158^v-162^r. Littera hybrid currens, dated 1451.
Decoration	Illuminated in gold, ink & watercolour. Only the pontifical is decorated. Italian decoration and illumination. Black ink, red rubrics, capitals alternately red, with blue penwork and blue, with red penwork. Two illuminated initials (45 x 35 mm) with marginal leaf sprays (98^r and 102^v); eighteen historiated initials (65 x 55 mm) in gold, blue, mauve, green, pink, and white with marginal leaf sprays. Program of Decoration and Illustration Fol. 3r. Tonsuring of a cleric Fol. 4v. Hostiarius receives a key Fol. 6r. Lector is handed a lectionary Fol. 7v. Ordination of the exorcist Fol. 9r. Acolite receives a taper Fol. 11v. Ordination of sub-deacon Fol. 14r. Ordination of a deacon Fol. 19r. Ordination of a priest Fol. 32r. Bishop receives a crozier Fol. 47r Benediction of an abbess Fol. 48r. Benediction of a virgin nun Fol. 61v. Benediction of a widow professing chastity Fol. 63v. Benediction of a church Fol. 93v. Reconciliation of a desecrated church Fol. 98r. Consecration of altar stone. Fol. 102v. Consecration of paten Fol. 105r. Dedication of boys. Fol. 106v. Priest points to a text Fol. 123r. Emperor greeted by clergy Fol. 124r. Benediction of emperor Fol. 131v. Benediction of a king
Musical notation	Some pages have 6 groups of 4-line red staves with black square musical notation.
Binding	Nineteenth-century brown pigskin over oak boards. The covers have blind tooling: groups of four fillets forming a centre rectangle; this is diagonally traversed by other groups of four fillets to form lozenges, each of these has a stylised design. Spine has gilt lettering PONTIFICALE / CIRC / A.D. 1400.
Seals
Accompanying material
History
Origin	Central or northern Italy, Veneto or Emilia-Romagna, ca. 1350-1380
Provenance	164^r in a 16^th C. hand is Lectio libri apocalipsis beati Iohannis apostoli. In deibus illis uidi ciuitatem sanctam…noua facio Omnia (Apoc. XXI, 2-5), and Secundum lucam. In illo tempore egressus ihesus…facere quod perierat (Luke XIX, 10); in the lower margin of 162^r is ‘Ioannis Baptiste Detottis 1563 et mi gosto davero contanti l’anno detto’; 164^r stencilled lion rampant and legend ‘Sir T.P. / Middle Hill / 3201’, and an erased note in 17^th or 18^th C. hand; 1^r carries ‘MSS.Ph.3201’ and ‘Phillipps MS. 3201”; this owner purchased the volume in 1824 at the sale of Sir George Osborne Page-Turner; in the early twentieth century it was owned by L.S. Olschki of Florence; inside front cover is the ‘Ex libris R.A. Crouch’, who presented the codex; now MS Crouch 5.
Acquisition	Presented to the Art Gallery of Ballarat by Colonel the Honourable R.A. Crouch in 1944.
Bibliography
Bibliography list	K.V. Sinclair, Descriptive Catalogue of Medieval and Renaissance Western Manuscripts in Australia, Sydney, 1969, pp. 275-277. M.M. Manion and V.F. Vines, Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in Australian Collections, London, 1984, pp. 60, 69.
Analysis
Commentary	“It is difficult to determine the precise origin of this manuscript. The decorative programme is systematic and the overall appearance of the book with its delicate borders, fine script, good quality vellum and lavish use of burnished gold indicates an important and homogeneous commission. On the other hand diverse elements are present in both the decorative vocabulary and the compositions of the historiated initials. In some of the scenes…the forms are finely delineated, drapery patterns relatively soft and often detailed, and the colour contrasts quite subtle. By contrast, other scenes feature the more stocky forms with large heads and heavily applied shadows and highlights that are characteristic of much Bolognese and Paduan work. The scene of the dedication of young boys on f. 105r or that of the emperor being greeted by the clergy in f. 123r reveals still different stylistic trends discernible even in the proportions and modelling of the figures as well as in spatial representation. M. Avril has suggested that this eclecticism may indicate a Roman workshop after the return from Avignon, when a variety of regional styles seems to have been assimilated into the city.”[1] [1] M.M. Manion and V.F. Vines, Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in Australian Collections, London, 1984, p. 69.
Description by
Acknowledgements
Other descriptions
Digital copies	http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/171203